Experimental Study of the Space–Time Effect of a Double-Pipe Frozen Curtain Formation with Different Groundwater Velocities

Groundwater velocity has significant effects on the formation of a frozen curtain during freezing. In order to study influence curtain, large physical model test platform was established for double-pipe Based this platform, freezing tests different velocities were carried out. Quartz sand selected as similar material. The temperature saturated layer found by analyzing results nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). thermal properties layer, analyzed, and showed that flow led differential development between upstream downstream sections pipes. Moreover, larger velocity, greater difference. prolonged overlapping time curtains. Additionally, slowed down area thickness. inhibition curtain. can provide more references design construction engineering with flowing groundwater.